en Original article Original article <span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman",serif FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a type of poor prognosis hematological malignancies characterized by heterogeneous clonal expansion of myeloid progenitors. Leukemic stem cells are thought to<font face="Times New Roman"><span style="COLOR: red"><font size="3"> </font></span>form the majority of a cell population in minimal residual diseases (MRDs) which are resistant to current chemotherapeutic regimens and mediate disease relapse. Current therapeutic vaccine strategies have developed to mount effective anti-leukemic immunity and eradicate the MRDs. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most professional antigen-presenting cells to elicit efficient anti-leukemic immune responses. In this review article, we present<span style="COLOR: red"><font size="3"> </font></span>the possibility of generating AML blast-targeted DCs, especially leukemia-derived DCs and their appropriate maturation protocols and particularly the synergistic effects of TLR agonists. We also discuss about the <i>in vitro</i> evaluation of the generated DCs, some reported outcomes of DC-based clinical trials as well as the possibility of combination therapy to improve the efficacy of DC-based vaccines in AML patients.</font></span> AML-DC, DC-based cancer vaccine, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) 16 23 http://vacres.pasteur.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-27-13&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Maryam Nourizadeh No Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Jamshid Hadjati hajatij@sina.tums.ac.ir Yes Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran